Retained fetal membranes at the lower uterine segment.

Postpartum haemorrhage remains an important cause of maternal death in the developed and especially in the developing world. An appreciation of the physiological changes of pregnancy that predispose to rapid development of severe haemorrhage and DIC help maintain a level of vigilance. Although routine antenatal assessment can identify women with factors associated with an increased risk of severe postpartum haemorrhage, a significant proportion of women will develop intrapartum complications that cause severe haemorrhage. Prompt recognition and treatment of women with severe ongoing blood loss is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality. In addition to surgical correction of bleeding, replacement of plasma components to reverse coagulopathy and red cells to maintain tissues oxygenation are the basic aims of management. The haemostatic agent, recombinant Factor VIIa is a potentially useful addition to management of massive, life-threatening obstetric haemorrhage but its safety and efficacy remains untested in clinical trials.

McLintock C. Postpartum haemorrhage. Thromb Res. 2005 Feb;115 Suppl 1:65-8.